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Gold: Why Is It So Expensive Right Now?

Gold has shattered all-time records in 2024-2025, surpassing $4,000 per ounce. What's driving the surge, and what does history tell us about where it might go next?

$4,058 All-time high (Oct 2025)
27%+ 2025 gains

The Economics of Drug Development: Why Your Medications Cost So Much

It costs $2 billion and 10-15 years to bring a drug to market. Only 12% of drugs that enter trials succeed. Here's why pharmaceutical economics is so brutal.

$2.3B Average dev cost
12% Success rate

mRNA Vaccines: From Decades of Rejection to Saving Millions

How two scientists spent decades developing a technology no one believed in, then used it to create COVID-19 vaccines in record time.

2023 Nobel Prize
95% Initial efficacy

The History of the Internet: From ARPANET to the World Wide Web

How a Cold War defense project became the backbone of modern civilization, connecting billions of people and reshaping every aspect of human life.

1969 First message sent
5.4B+ Users today

AlphaFold: The AI That Solved Biology's Grand Challenge

How DeepMind cracked the 50-year-old protein folding problem, transforming structural biology and earning the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

200M+ Proteins predicted
2024 Nobel Prize

PCR: The Invention That Changed Biology

How Kary Mullis's late-night brainstorm led to polymerase chain reaction: the technique that revolutionized molecular biology, forensics, and medicine.

1983 Invented
1993 Nobel Prize

Cystic Fibrosis: From Fatal Childhood Disease to Treatable Condition

How the discovery of a single gene led to breakthrough therapies that are transforming life for people with CF: a triumph of molecular medicine.

1989 Gene discovered
90% Eligible for modulators

Diabetes: The Epidemic of Our Time

From a death sentence to a manageable condition: the history, science, and future of one of humanity's most common chronic diseases.

537M Adults with diabetes
6.7M Deaths annually

Alzheimer's Disease: The Long Goodbye

From Alois Alzheimer's first patient to the controversial new treatments: understanding the most common cause of dementia.

55M People with dementia
$1.3T Global cost

HIV/AIDS: From Death Sentence to Chronic Condition

The story of humanity's confrontation with HIV: from mysterious deaths in 1981 to antiretroviral therapy that now allows people to live normal lifespans.

39M Living with HIV
40M+ Deaths since 1981

Smallpox: Humanity's Greatest Victory Over Disease

The only human disease ever eradicated, smallpox killed an estimated 300 million people in the 20th century. The story of how we defeated it.

1980 Declared eradicated
300M+ 20th century deaths

Cholera: The Disease That Built Public Health

How a devastating waterborne disease led to the birth of epidemiology, the germ theory of disease, and modern sanitation.

1854 John Snow's breakthrough
<1% Fatality with treatment